What is one of the main functions of STP in a Layer 2 network?

One of the main functions of Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) in a Layer 2 network is to prevent layer 2 loops. STP is designed to maintain a loop-free topology for Ethernet networks by identifying and blocking redundant paths that could create broadcast storms and overall network instability. When a loop occurs, data frames can circulate endlessly, leading to network congestion and significant performance degradation. By determining the best paths for data to travel and disabling other redundant paths, STP ensures that there’s always a single active route between any two network devices, which is essential for stable and efficient network operation.

The protocol achieves this through the election of a root bridge and the calculation of the shortest paths to that bridge, taking actions as necessary to ensure no loops are formed while still providing redundancy for failover purposes. This careful management of paths is what allows STP to maintain network integrity and performance.